101 Annotated Bib and Political Ideology Professor Ramos Blog

101 Annotated Bib and Political Ideology Using Sources Quick Write Do you think the average person is good or bad? Is human nature fundamentally good or bad? Any questions on research? Using Sources What are the ways you can use sources in your essay? Evidence Support Explain Provide information Examples Credibility Quotes Research data Ideas! Annotated Bibliography An annotated bib is a works cited or references page with additional information added to each citation. You begin with the correct reference citation for your sources. For this assignment we will have at least five sources. Here is a good explanation of  citations in MLA. Explanation and example of an  Annotated Bibliography  from Cornell Example 2  Annotated Bibliography  from Purdue OWL Here is the format: Author(s). â€Å"Article Title.†Ã‚  Source, vol. #, no. #, season year, pp. xx-xx.  Database,  URL. Example: Kong, Les. â€Å"Business Sources for Education Majors.†Ã‚  Education Graduate Students Journal, vol. 75, no. 4, 2014, pp. 12-19.  JSTOR,  jstor.org/stable/52506788. To each entry you will add the annotation, the paragraph or two that explains the source, why you are using it, and its reliability. Each professor you will have in the future may have specific guidelines for what to include in an annotated bibliographic entry. Always follow their instructions. For this assignment, you should include: Summary of Source, 2-4 sentences How you are using it in your report, 1-3 sentences Reliability of source, 1-3 sentences In total, you should have a short paragraph, 4-10 sentences, explaining the three points above. MLA Style We will be going over the 8th edition MLA citation Style. You can look under our  resources page  for MLA or APA guides. There are three things to consider for each style guide you use: Page Formatting In-Text Citations /References Page Here is a  Power Point presentation covering MLA style 8th edition  and the recent changes. Krikorian, Mark. â€Å"Two Immigration Priorities.†Ã‚  National Review, Dec, 2016, pp. 18-20, SIRS Issues Researcher,  www.sks.sirs.com. This article goes into detail on some of the other less talked about factors of the changes in how we deal with illegal immigrants under our new president and his policies. The author is the director of the Center for Immigration Studies so I assume he is a credible expert in immigration. I will use this source to get more specific in my critique of the border wall proposal. Krikorian, Mark. â€Å"Two Immigration Priorities.†Ã‚  National Review, Dec, 2016, pp. 18-20, SIRS Issues Researcher,  www.sks.sirs.com. This article goes into detail on some of the other less talked about factors of the changes in how we deal with illegal immigrants under our new president and his policies. The author is the director of the Center for Immigration Studies so I assume he is a credible expert in immigration. I will use this source to get more specific in my critique of the border wall proposal. In total, you should have a short paragraph, 4-10 sentences, explaining the three points above. Any questions before we move on? Why Rural America Voted for Trump Robert Leonard, â€Å"Why Rural America Voted for Trump† [p. 279] Democrats think people are fundamentally good. Republicans think people are fundamentally bad. Do   you think people are good? Jonathan Haidt: Can a Divided America Heal? 20 Minutes. Jon Haidt is a Social Psychologist. Write down anything you think is important or that stands out to you. Write down any words you don’t know so we can make a list for everyone. So the first thing that you have to always keep in mind when you’re thinking about politics is that we’re tribal. We evolved for tribalism. One of the simplest and greatest insights into human social nature is the Bedouin proverb: â€Å"Me against my brother; me and my brother against our cousin; me and my brother and cousins against the stranger.† Chapter 7, Who Cares? Chapter 7 explains the importance of addressing the â€Å"so what?† and â€Å"who cares?† questions when writing and making an argument. You essays will become stronger once you begin addressing these questions in your writing. The â€Å"who cares?† question considers who has a stake in the argument. The â€Å"so what?† helps the reader understand what the larger implications or consequences of the topic are. These questions work great in many parts of your essays. They are especially helpful for writers who struggle with introductions and conclusions. A good tip is to address these questions in the introduction and conclusions. Report Topic, So What? Who are the people that care about your topic? Who has a stake in the matter? Brainstorm for three minutes all the groups who have a stake in the argument. Homework Finish research on your topic Annotated Bib. Print and hand in.

Mechanism Action Therapeutic Use Olazanpine Ariprpazole Treatment Schizophrenia Biology Essay Essays

Mechanism Action Therapeutic Use Olazanpine Ariprpazole Treatment Schizophrenia Biology Essay Essays Mechanism Action Therapeutic Use Olazanpine Ariprpazole Treatment Schizophrenia Biology Essay Essay Mechanism Action Therapeutic Use Olazanpine Ariprpazole Treatment Schizophrenia Biology Essay Essay In pharmacological medicine, drug is a substance used for the bar, diagnosing, remedy and intervention of disease and for the alleviation of symptoms. It could besides heighten physical or mental wellbeing. There are many mental upsets, a province in which an person s mental orientation is disrupted.A Examples of mental upsets include ; A Acute passion, bipolar, schizophrenic disorder, depression, For this peculiar essay I will be speaking about schizophrenic disorder, its symptoms, proposed aetiology and illustrations of the 2nd coevals drug therapies being used to pull off the status. Schizophrenia is a aggregation of symptoms characterised by idea upsets reflecting a interruption between the cognitive and emotional sides of one s personalityA ( Kathryn L. McCance, 2010 ) .A Schizophrenia is classified into positive and negative symptoms utilizing two systems, viz. ; ICD-10 and DSM-IV ( Horton, Schizophrenia, 2011 ) . Positive symptoms which are unnatural experiences non experienced by other people include Hallucination: Described as a perceptual experience experienced in absence of an external stimulation and characterized largely as auditory with patients proposing that they hear voices speaking to them, about them, commanding them, noticing or an reverberation of their ideas Delusion: False belief that they are under the control of an external influence or their ideas are known to other people i.e. paranoia of the wireless or Television FORMAL THOUGHT DISORDER: A upset of conceptual thought reflecting trouble to understand address and rapid displacement from a subject of capable to another i.e. deficiency of consciousness. New words are besides invented ( neologies ) A ( Horton, Schizophrenia, 2011, pp. 1-2 ) Negative symptoms are normal experiences which are non experienced by schizophrenic patients which include ; SOCIAL WITHDRAWAL/ANHEDONIA: proposing they isolate themselves from the universe LACK OF MOTIVATION: deficiency of involvement in things that antecedently interested them Blunted Consequence: Inability to respond usually to emotional stimulation e.g. when informed of the decease of person they laugh alternatively of sympathising A INSIGHT: schizophrenic disorder patients do non belief anything is incorrect with them or the demand for intervention Nether Activity: Do less and speak less than usually COGNETIVE Deficits: Deficits in attending, memory and job resolution ( Horton, Schizophrenia, 2011, p. 2 ) Epidemiology: An incidence rate of 25 per 100,000 per twelvemonth with Life risk 1 % , common in both sexes but onset earlier in work forces [ average age 28years ] whilst adult females [ 32years ] , common in lower socio-economic groups and urban countries ( Horton, Schizophrenia, 2011, p. 2 ) . Familial epidemiologic surveies indicate it is a heritable upset. Lifetime event hazard indicates 8-10 % for siblings with schizophrenic disorder, one parent with schizophrenia 12-15 % whist with both parents ~40 % . In monozygotic twins the harmony rate was 60 % compared to 10 % in dizygoticA twins and Adoption surveies illustrate that cistrons are more critical compared to environment ( Horton, Schizophrenia, 2011, p. 4 ) . However, it differs from simple familial and Mendelian upsets because it involved several cistrons located on different chromosomesA ( Kathryn L. McCance, 2010 ) .A Therefore, no individual cistron has a major consequence but they include 8p, 13q and 22q ( Horton, Schizophrenia, 2011, p. 4 ) . Pathological surveies have observed the undermentioned grounds in the encephalon of schizophrenic patients and they include hypertrophied ventricles ( ~ 40 % ) , reduced encephalon weight ( ~ 30 % ) , reduced cortical Grey affair ( ~ 4 % ) , unnatural bunch of neurones in the cerebral mantle, little cell organic structures and decreased basal dendrites ( Horton, Schizophrenia, 2011, p. 4 ) . CHEMICAL/ NEUROTRANSMITTER THEORY A DOPAMINE THEORY: Hypothesized as due to over activity of Dopastat in the mesolimbic-mesocortical tract with cell organic structures in the ventral tegmentum of the mesencephalon which undertakings to the amygdaloid nucleus, nucleus accumben, hippocampus, frontal cingulate and entorhinal composite ( Horton, Schizophrenia, 2011, p. 3 ) ( Kathryn L. McCance A ; subdivision editors, 2010 ) . The grounds is supported by looking at the consequence of pep pill in let go ofing Dopastat from dopaine receptors [ subtyped D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 ] in the encephalon taking to schizophrenic like symptoms ( Horton, Schizophrenia, 2011, p. 3 ) . However, grounds against based on looking at the CSF concentration of HVA found non to be elevated as expected, no alteration in DA receptors in PET scans of drug-free schizophrenics but studies show that increased Numberss of D2 receptors in station mortem sample were due to drug intervention ( Horton, Schizophrenia, 2011, p. 3 ) . In decision, it is hypothesized that hypodopaminergicA transmittal in the dorsal prefrontal cerebral mantle leads to veto symptoms whilstA hyperdopaminergicA transmittal in theA mesolimbicA tracts such as the temporal lobe, A hippocampal, A Amygdala, nucleusA accumbensA and anterior cingulated cerebral mantle leads to positive symptomsA ( Kathryn L. McCance, 2010 ) .A A Glutamate: Evidences indicate an under activity of glutamate transmittal such as reduced cerebrospinal fluid [ CSF ] glutamate, loss of glutamate nerve cells in median temporal parts, addition in certain types of glutamate receptors to counterbalance for lessening in transmittal, glutamate receptor subtype [ NMDA ] antagonist PCP makes schizophrenic symptoms worse ( Horton, Schizophrenia, 2011, p. 3 ) GABA [ gamma-aminobutyric acid ] : Evidence of decreased GABA transmittal due to dorsal prefrontal cerebral mantle alterations/ hypoactivity such as lessened maps ofA GlutamicA acidA DecarboxylaseA needed in biogenesis of GABA lead to the negative symptomsA ( Kathryn L. McCance, 2010 ) .A 5HT [ 5-hydroxytryptamine ] : Evidence show an addition in 5HT [ 5-hydroxytryptamine ] transmittal ( Horton, Schizophrenia, 2011, p. 4 ) . A Environmental FACTORS: These include malnutrition in gestation, grippe in 1st trimester, winter/spring births, bringing complications, caput perimeter at birth and minor physical changes ( Horton, Schizophrenia, 2011, p. 5 ) TREATMENTSA Antipsychotic drugs besides calledA Major tranquilizers to clasp the nerve cell which are effectual in handling acute psychosis and cut downing the hazard of future psychotic episodes ( MedicineNet, 2011 ) .A OlanzapineA andA AripiprazoleA are both 2ndA coevals atypicalA antipsychoticsA which exert their effects on a scope of neurotransmitter receptors i.e. non selective compared to typical 1st coevals neuroleptic which chiefly block D2 receptors. There is a discriminatory action on the DA mesolimbic/mesocortical tract over a nigro-stratial tract but research in carnal surveies is ill-defined ( Horton, Major Tranquillizers, 2011, p. 4 ) . Atypical major tranquilizers which have comparatively high 5HT2A adhering affinity to D2 receptors produce lower EPS [ exptrapyramidial symptoms and depress negative symptoms. Upon entry into the synaptic infinite, the antipsychotic drug must vie with endogenous Dopastat for the receptor. Therefore, curative concentration needed to barricade 50 % o f Dopastat receptors in the presence of dopaminewill be higher than that needed in its absence ( Philip Seeman, 2004 ) . This falls in conformity with the equation C50 % = Ki A? [ 1+D/D2 high ] , where D is the dopamine concentration in the synaptic infinite whilst D2 high is the dissociation invariable of Dopastat at the high-affinity province of the Dopastat D2 receptor ( Philip Seeman, 2004 ) . ARIPRIPAZOLEA Indication: Relieve positive symptoms related to extra Dopastat and negative symptoms towardsA dopaminergicA hypofunction.A It is given at a day-to-day dose scope of 10-30mg but get downing dosage could be 10 to 15mg per twenty-four hours ( Kaplan, 2008 ) .A Mechanism: A AripiprazoleA is aA quinolinoneA derivative. Partial agonist at Dopastat D2 and 5-HT1A receptors upon entry into the synaptic infinite and as an adversary competes with the endogenous serotoninA at 5-HT2 receptors. Described as a Dopastat system stabilizer, in high degrees of Dopastat will move as an adversary ( Horton, Major Tranquillizers, 2011, p. 5 ) such as the mesolimbic tract but non in parts with normal Dopastat degrees such as nigrostratial and tuberoinfundibular tracts. Therefore, a D2 partial agonist is expected to cut down the positive symptoms of schizophrenic disorder without bring forthing motion upsets or elevated lactogenic hormone degrees. In countries where Dopastat activity is low, will move as an agonist to let go of dopamine nerve cells from suppression. The D2 receptor is coupled to inhibitory G-proteins [ Gi ] , which upon agonist binding, dissociates from the receptor to suppress secondary messengerA signallingA mechanisms taking to farther suppr essions. At 5HT1A receptors, aripiprazole besides acts as a partial agonist, hypothesized to correlate with overall efficaciousness against the symptoms of schizophrenic disorder including depression, anxiousness and negative symptoms ( MJ. , 2000 ) .The counter consequence on 5HT2 receptors are believed to be associated with a low liability for extrapyramidial side effects [ EPS ] and good for alleviating negative symptoms by disinhibiting the Dopastat system in the striate body and prefrontal cerebral mantle ( Horton, Major Tranquillizers, 2011, p. 4 ) . Normally, DA nerve cells in the nigrostriatum and prefrontal cerebral mantle are inhibited by serotonin heteroreceptors but hostility of 5HT2 receptors means the release of Dopastat neurones, lower D2 receptor obstruction. It besides does non bring on weight addition or QT protraction ( Horton, Major Tranquillizers, 2011, p. 5 ) . Pharmacokinetics: High soaking up making peak plasma concentrations after 3 to 5 hours, protein binding is 99 % and its half life is approximately 31 to 146 hours doing it suited for one time day-to-day dosing, clearance is affected by age cut downing greatly in the aged. It is extensively metabolised by Cytochrome P450 3A4 and 2D6 enzymes with active metabolite, dehydroaripiprazole ( Burns, 2004 ) . Side EFFECTS: orthostatic hypotension, increased hazard of ictuss, sedation OLANZAPINEhttp: //www.druglib.com/img/Rx/3232.gif ( Druglib, Zyprex ( Olanzapine ) -Description and Clinical Pharmacology, 2006 ) Indication: A negative and positive symptoms ofA schizophrenia, A acute passion with bipolar upset, agitation and psychotic symptoms in dementedness. It is given at a day-to-day dose scope of 5-20mg ( Burns, 2004 ) . Class of drug: Atypical psychotics, ATC Therapeutic CategoryA N05AH: Diazepines, A oxazepinesA andA thiazepines ( PharmGkB, 2010-2011 ) A A Mechanism: Adversary enters the synaptic infinite and competes with the endogenousA ligandsA to suppress IÂ ±-1 adrenoceptors and 5-HT2C which both mediates their actions by association with G proteins [ Gq/11 ] that activate a phosphatidylinositol- Ca 2nd courier system whilst at 5-HT2A promotes dopamine release ( Druglib, 2007 ) . In the nigrostriatal tract increased DA reduces EPS and tardive dyskinesia ( Yogesh Dwivedi, 2005 ) but in the mesocortical tract, increased DA release may better negative symptoms, that neuroleptic induced shortage syndrome ( Voruganti L, 2004 ) . OlanzapineA does non look to barricade Dopastat within theA tubero-infundibularA piece of land, explicating the lower incidence ofA hyperprolactinemiaA than with typical antipsychotic agents but alternatively blocks 5-HT2A receptors ( Druglib, 2007 ) . As an adversary of D1 Gs-coupled proteins receptor it prevents activation of Adenylyl cyclase and DARPP-32 ( dopamine andA cAMPA regulatedA phosphoproteinA of 32A kD ) .A Dopamine adhering activates the 2nd messengerA camp to trip ProteinA KinaseA A ( PKA ) which phosphorylatesA DARPP proteins atA ThreonineA residue 34A to suppress phosphataseA protein ( PP1 ) leting PKA to hold a longer active life and overall, A enhanceA the nerve cell s sensitiveness to dopamine signalling. In contrast, dopamine adhering to D2 receptors has an opposite consequence: the 2nd messengerA phosphorylatesA DARPPA on Thr75, doing it to move as a proteinA kinaseA inhibitor andA decrease the nerve cell s sensitiveness to signalling. The D2 and D4 receptor are coupled to inhibitory G-proteins, which dissociate from the receptor on agonist binding and inhibit secondary messengerA signallingA mechanisms doing farther signalling suppression ( Greengard, 2011 ) . Antagonist adhering inhibits this procedure, ensu ing in cell depolarisation.A They besides cause Dopastat to cut down DARPP-32A phosphorylation ( Sarah M. Clinton, 2005 ) . A In add-on, it antagonises histamine H1, A MuscarinicA M1 [ mediate their actions through G-protein-Gq/11 [ in some cases Gs and Gi ] .A Therefore, olanzapine can be seen to hold multiple receptors activities. Side EFFECTS: CNS depression which is due to it counter effects on H1 receptors, orthostatic hypotension, automatic tachycardia and rhinal congestion due to alpha1 suppression whilst blurred vision and urine keeping due to M1 suppression, weight addition, increased QT intervals observed in ECG and increased hazard of shot in dementia aged patients ( Horton, Major Tranquillizers, 2011, p. 4 ) Pharmacokinetics: its half life is 20-70 hours, plasma clearance is 12 to 47L/h and its protein binding is 93 % . It is eliminated extensively by first base on balls metamorphosis, with about 40 % of the dose metabolized before making the systemic circulation by enzymes ; Cytochrome P450 2D6 and 1A2 with no active metabolite ( Burns, 2004 ) . Decision Olanzapine and aripiprazole are therapeutically used orally to handle schizophrenic disorder and have different mechanisms of action. Olanzapine is a multireceptor adversary, suppressing M1, H1, IÂ ±-1, D1, D2, D4 and 5-HT2A/2C receptors whilst Aripiprazole is a breakthrough neuroleptic with partial agonist activity on 5-HT1A and D2 receptors leting it to jump its actions and an adversary of 5-HT2 receptors. They are both used to alleviate positive and negative psychotic symptoms presented in schizophrenic disorder and both have a comparatively high 5HT2A adhering affinity to D2 receptors produce lower EPS [ exptrapyramidial symptoms ] and depress negative symptoms. More so, they portion side effects such as orthostatic hypotension, . Therefore, close monitoring of patients is necessary to guarantee they acquire the best out of their interventions with control over their symptoms and possible drug induced side effects. NICE guidelines published 2002, it is recommended that unwritte n untypical antipsychotic drus are considered in the pick of first-line interventions for persons with freshly diagnosed schizophrenic disorder or considered as intervention options for single presently having classical antipsychotic drugs who, despite equal symptom control, are sing unacceptable side effects and for those in backsliding who have been antecedently experienced unsatisfactory direction or unacceptable side effects ( Horton, 2011 ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.co.uk/books? id=ubG51n2NgfwC A ; pg=PA546 A ; lpg=PA546 A ; dq=aripiprazole+schizophrenia+mechanism A ; source=bl A ; ots=tm_B5jFcxW A ; sig=KkMB7rniRAyPMTbXjK3CQl8xXPA A ; hl=en A ; ei=gfKUTYCoMIeohAfL6rT2CA A ; sa=X A ; oi=book_result A ; ct=result A ; resnum=9 A ; ved=0CFoQ6AEwCDgK # v=onepage A ; q=aripiprazole % 20schizophrenia % 20mechanism A ; f=false hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.co.uk/books? id=WuA4LsWXXWEC A ; pg=PA510 A ; lpg=PA510 A ; dq=olanzapine+inhibition+of+5HT2+receptors A ; source=bl A ; ots=ijCtcFYFJk A ; sig=IdYjVggzCLVrGihyl435NUPEjKs A ; hl=en A ; ei=3uqZTcjlO9G5hAesy53wCA A ; sa=X A ; oi=book_result A ; ct=result A ; resnum=5 A ; ved=0CCsQ6AEwBDgK # v=onepage A ; q A ; f=false

Southern Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Southern Society - Essay Example It was the most important cash crop; it generated the highest income out of the trade. For instance, its value was  £766,000 while that of indigo was  £113,0002. The use of tobacco as one of the trade items in the Colonial Era was also as a result of the provision of cheap labor by the slaves. However, the volatility of its prices influenced planters into diversifying their slave plantations. Rice plantations were established in 1700s with the goal of making profits3. Its growth was also facilitated by good soils and climatic conditions. The commodity value of rice was approximately  £312,000. The fertile soils, good climate, as well as the availability of cheap labor from the slaves, enhanced the introduction of the large-scale production of cotton in 1800s in Southern Colonies. The production of cotton was aimed at making a profit and not for personal use. Sugarcane is also one of the trade items of the Colonial Era in the Southern society that was introduced in 1800s. Large scale production of sugarcane in plantations was also as a result of good soil, good climatic conditions, and provision of cheap labor by the slaves. The planters grew sugar as a cash crop to generate profit. Indigo was also one of the trade items that were best suited to the South. Indigo plantations were introduced in 1700s with the aim of making a